在某些地區(qū) 運(yùn)輸成本或比汽油本身更昂貴

據(jù)3月28日印度時(shí)報(bào)報(bào)道，隨著產(chǎn)量的激增和需求的下降，全球原油價(jià)格持續(xù)下降，專家們認(rèn)為，運(yùn)輸汽油等燃料的成本可能會(huì)比產(chǎn)品本身更高。

一個(gè)典型的例子是加拿大，據(jù)彭博社報(bào)道，加拿大的重質(zhì)原油價(jià)格已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)低于將其運(yùn)往煉油廠的成本。該報(bào)告概述了加拿大西部的阿爾伯塔省的精選原油價(jià)格已經(jīng)跌至每桶5.06加元，低于該國星巴克出售的部分精選咖啡飲料的價(jià)格。而將重質(zhì)原油運(yùn)輸?shù)较竦驴怂_斯州這樣的遙遠(yuǎn)地方的成本在每桶7至9美元之間。

在美國，汽油零售價(jià)格自2016年以來首次跌至每加侖2美元以下（1加侖為3.78升）。路透社報(bào)道稱，美國為應(yīng)對(duì)疫情封鎖了全國的多數(shù)地區(qū)，全國物流已經(jīng)停止，導(dǎo)致汽油價(jià)格下跌。

封鎖對(duì)印度的煉油廠也產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。路透社周六報(bào)道，由于該國需求急速下降，兩家印度煉油廠宣布對(duì)來自中東的原油采購遭遇不可抗力。據(jù)報(bào)道，儲(chǔ)油罐已經(jīng)滿到了邊緣，沒有更多的空間供新進(jìn)口原油儲(chǔ)存。上周該國提高了燃油消費(fèi)稅，從而保持的燃油價(jià)格暫時(shí)穩(wěn)定。

但是，供大于求的問題可能會(huì)長期存在。

這里要注意的重點(diǎn)之一是，因飛機(jī)停飛，且儲(chǔ)存的航空級(jí)燃料的“保質(zhì)期”又非常短，航空燃料需求急劇下降，從而導(dǎo)致國際市場(chǎng)原油價(jià)格暴跌。

在所有影響因素中，沙特和俄羅斯之間的生產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)已成為供應(yīng)增加的催化劑。在莫斯科拒絕減產(chǎn)的提議后，歐佩克與俄羅斯等其他產(chǎn)油國之間的一項(xiàng)為期三年的供應(yīng)協(xié)議在三月初破裂。沙特對(duì)此做出反應(yīng)，表示會(huì)將其產(chǎn)量提高到歷史新高。產(chǎn)量過剩和需求下降對(duì)石油價(jià)格產(chǎn)生螺旋效應(yīng)，許多人相信，這僅僅是一切的開始。

舒曉玲 摘譯自 印度時(shí)報(bào)

原文如下：

In some countries, transporting petrol may become costlier than petrol itself

With global crude prices falling steadily amid a spurt in production and a simultaneous fall in demand, experts believe that transporting fuels like petrol could become more costly than the product itself.

A case in point is Canada where, according to a Bloomberg report, prices of heavy crude has become far cheaper than the cost of transporting it to refineries. The report outlined how Western Canadian Select crude in Alberta is down to $5.06 for a barrel which is less than prices of some select coffee drinks at the country's Starbucks outlets. And to transport heavy crude to distant places like Texas costs anywhere between $7 and $9 per barrel.

In the United States, retail gasoline prices fell to below $2 per gallon (1 gallon is 3.78 liters) for the first time since 2016. Reuters reported that the fall in prices come as transit across the country has been halted due to coronavirus and the consequent lockdowns in many parts.

Lockdown has also had a strong effect on refineries in India. Reuters reported on Saturday that two Indian refineries have declared force majeure on crude purchases from the Middle East due to crashing demands in the country. Storage tanks are reportedly full to the brim and there is just no more space for fresh imports. The excise on fuel was increased last week which has resulted in fuel prices being steady here for the moment.

The problem of aplenty, however, may be here to stay.

One of the important points to note here is that demand for jet fuel has come crashing down which has also contributed to crashing crude prices in the international market. Planes are grounded and stored aviation-grade fuel has a far lesser 'shelf life.'

Amid all of this, the production war between Saudi Arabia and Russia has acted as a catalyst in boosting supplies. A supply pact of three years between Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and other producers like Russia fell apart earlier in March after Moscow refused Saudi proposal to cut back on production. Saudi Arabia reacted by promising to take its production to record highs. Excess production and falling demand has had a spiraling effect on oil prices and many believe this is only the start of it all.