2019年美國(guó)20%的能源消耗來(lái)自非化石燃料

據(jù)全球能源新聞網(wǎng)7月4日?qǐng)?bào)道，2019年，美國(guó)的總能源消耗為100萬(wàn)億英熱量單位(Btu)，僅略低于2018年創(chuàng)下的紀(jì)錄，是美國(guó)有史以來(lái)年度能源消耗的第三高水平。2019年美國(guó)約20％的能源消耗來(lái)自化石燃料以外的其他來(lái)源。 根據(jù)美國(guó)能源信息署（EIA）的《月度能源評(píng)論》中的數(shù)據(jù)，2019年有幾種能源消費(fèi)創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄：天然氣，核能，風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能。

2019年，核能和可再生能源消費(fèi)量的增加導(dǎo)致非化石能源占美國(guó)能源消費(fèi)總量的比例上升到20%。隨著煤炭、石油和天然氣的開(kāi)發(fā)，非化石能源的份額從19世紀(jì)中期的100%下降到20世紀(jì)60年代的6%，之后隨著核能、水力發(fā)電、風(fēng)能、生物燃料和太陽(yáng)能的消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng)而緩慢增長(zhǎng)。美國(guó)化石燃料消耗在2007年達(dá)到峰值，為86萬(wàn)億英熱單位，此后在2019年下降到80萬(wàn)億英熱單位，降幅為7%。

自1950年超過(guò)煤炭以來(lái)，石油一直是美國(guó)消耗最多的能源。美國(guó)的石油消費(fèi)量仍低于2005年的峰值水平，最近在2019年達(dá)到了36.7萬(wàn)億英熱單位。

2019年美國(guó)可再生能源消費(fèi)量達(dá)到了11.5萬(wàn)億Btu，是130年來(lái)首次超過(guò)美國(guó)的煤炭消費(fèi)量。 在過(guò)去十年中，可再生能源的最大增長(zhǎng)是太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能發(fā)電。

2019年，風(fēng)能超過(guò)水力發(fā)電成為美國(guó)最大的可再生能源消耗來(lái)源。2019年風(fēng)能消耗的熱能(2.7萬(wàn)億英熱單位)與19世紀(jì)中后期煤炭和石油燃料剛被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)，木材是美國(guó)主要的熱能來(lái)源時(shí)，風(fēng)能消耗的熱能幾乎相同。

注:核能通常被認(rèn)為是另一種不可再生能源。雖然核能本身是一種可再生能源，但核電站使用的材料不是。核電廠中最常使用的材料是鈾元素。 盡管在全世界的巖石中都發(fā)現(xiàn)了鈾，但核電廠通常使用非常罕見(jiàn)的鈾U-235。 鈾是不可再生資源。

郝芬 譯自 全球能源新聞網(wǎng)

原文如下：

IN 2019 20% OF US ENERGY CONSUMPTION CAME FROM NON FOSSIL FUELS

Overall energy consumption in the United States totaled 100 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) in 2019, only slightly less than the record set in 2018 and the third-highest level of annual U.S. energy consumption ever. About 20% of U.S. energy consumption in 2019 came from sources other than fossil fuels. Several energy sources hit record consumption values in 2019, based on data in the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) Monthly Energy Review: natural gas, nuclear, wind, and solar.

Increases in nuclear and renewables consumption in 2019 resulted in the nonfossil share rising to 20% of total U.S. energy consumption. As coal, petroleum, and natural gas were developed, the nonfossil share fell from 100% in the mid-1800s to 6% in the 1960s and has since slowly increased as consumption of nuclear, hydroelectricity, wind, biofuels, and solar have grown. U.S. fossil fuel consumption peaked at 86 quadrillion Btu in 2007 and has since fallen to 80 quadrillion Btu in 2019, a 7% decline.

Petroleum has been the most-consumed energy source in the United States since surpassing coal in 1950. U.S. petroleum consumption remains lower than its peak in 2005 and most recently totaled 36.7 quadrillion Btu in 2019.

U.S. renewable energy consumption in 2019 reached 11.5 quadrillion Btu, surpassing U.S. coal consumption for the first time in 130 years. The largest growth in renewables during the past decade has been solar and wind electricity generation.

In 2019, wind energy surpassed hydroelectricity to become the largest source of renewable energy consumption in the United States. The energy content of wind consumption in 2019 (2.7 quadrillion Btu) was nearly the same as the energy content of wood consumption in the mid- to late-1800s, when coal and petroleum fuels were first being developed and wood was the predominant energy source in the United States.

Note: Nuclear energy is usually considered another non-renewable energy source. Although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, the material used in nuclear power plants is not.

The material most often used in nuclear power plants is the element uranium. Although uranium is found in rocks all over the world, nuclear power plants usually use a very rare type of uranium, U-235. Uranium is a non-renewable resource.