蘇伊士運(yùn)河堵塞對(duì)石油運(yùn)輸意味著什么

據(jù)路透社3月26日倫敦報(bào)道，打撈公司稱，一艘堵塞埃及蘇伊士運(yùn)河的巨型集裝箱船可能會(huì)被困數(shù)周，這將阻礙連接歐洲、中東和亞洲的石油和燃料運(yùn)輸。

有多少石油經(jīng)過(guò)這條運(yùn)河？

根據(jù)油輪跟蹤公司Kpler的數(shù)據(jù)，2020年通過(guò)海運(yùn)方式每天進(jìn)口的原油為3920萬(wàn)桶，其中174萬(wàn)桶通過(guò)蘇伊士運(yùn)河。

原油桶運(yùn)向哪個(gè)方向？

原油和精煉燃料雙向流經(jīng)193公里（120英里）長(zhǎng)的蘇伊士運(yùn)河。根據(jù)Kpler的數(shù)據(jù)，2020年歐洲每天從蘇伊士運(yùn)河以東地區(qū)進(jìn)口55萬(wàn)桶原油，其中絕大部分通過(guò)運(yùn)河進(jìn)口。

通過(guò)蘇伊士運(yùn)河進(jìn)口到南亞和東亞的原油量在2020年6月達(dá)到了127萬(wàn)桶/日的高位，后來(lái)在11月觸及31萬(wàn)桶/日的最低點(diǎn)。

精煉產(chǎn)品的情況如何？

根據(jù)Kpler的數(shù)據(jù)，去年全球精煉產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口量中只有不到9%或154萬(wàn)桶/日通過(guò)蘇伊士運(yùn)河。塑料原料石腦油在運(yùn)河的精煉產(chǎn)品流量中占了很大一部分。

Kpler稱，截至周四，兩艘載有柴油和噴氣燃料的中間餾分油貨船正等待進(jìn)入地中海，而兩艘載有石腦油的船只正等待開(kāi)始東行。

是否有管道與運(yùn)河平行？

據(jù)Sumed網(wǎng)站，連接蘇伊士灣和地中海的320公里（200英里）的蘇梅德管道將80%的石油從中東灣運(yùn)往歐洲。

該管道的運(yùn)量約為280萬(wàn)桶/日，但利用率通常遠(yuǎn)低于運(yùn)量。根據(jù)美國(guó)能源信息署的數(shù)據(jù)，2018年約有130萬(wàn)桶/日流經(jīng)該管道系統(tǒng)。

沈韓曄 摘譯自 路透社

原文如下：

Factbox: What does the Suez Canal blockage mean for oil shipments?

A giant container ship blocking Egypt's Suez Canal might be stuck for weeks, the salvage company said, throttling oil and fuel shipments connecting Europe, the Middle East and Asia.

HOW MUCH OIL GOES THROUGH THE CANAL?

Of the 39.2 million barrels per day (bpd) of crude oil imported by seaborne methods in 2020, 1.74 million bpd went through the Suez Canal, according to tanker tracking firm Kpler.

WHICH DIRECTION DO CRUDE OIL BARRELS FLOW?

Crude oil and refined fuels flow in both directions through the 193 km (120 mile) long Suez Canal. In 2020 Europe imported 550,000 bpd of crude from sources located east of Suez of which the vast majority went through the canal, according to Kpler.

Imports into South and East Asia via the Suez Canal hit a high of 1.27 million bpd in June 2020, although arrivals later bottomed out at just 310,000 bpd in November.

WHAT ABOUT REFINED PRODUCTS?

Just under 9% or 1.54 million bpd of global refined product imports flowed through the Suez Canal last year, according to Kpler. Plastics feedstock naphtha makes up a large portion of refined product flows in the canal.

As of Thursday, two middle distillate cargoes carrying diesel and jet fuel were waiting to travel into the Mediterranean, while two vessels carrying naphtha were waiting to start their journey east, Kpler said.

ARE THERE PIPELINES PARALLEL TO THE CANAL?

The 320 km (200 mile) Sumed pipeline connecting the Gulf of Suez with the Mediterranean transports 80% of the oil shipped from the Middle East Gulf to Europe, according to the Sumed website.

The pipeline has a capacity of about 2.8 million bpd but utilisation is often well below capacity. About 1.3 million bpd flowed through the system in 2018, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.